The Datum Report

Local authority · population 88,340

West Dunbartonshire

What we think is happening

Home sales in West Dunbartonshire have been falling.

falling · strong confidence · formed 31 August 2026 · how we reached this

Other standing views

Labour market

The job market in West Dunbartonshire has been weakening.

established confidence · how we reached this

What is distinctive here

These moved unusually against comparable areas, and did not simply move with them. A change shared with everywhere else is a fact about the country, not this place.

MeasurePeriodValueChangeAgainst peers
Claimant count August 2026 2,200 +145 in the top 1% of 361

Moving with the rest of the country

Shown separately because these say something about the country rather than about West Dunbartonshire.

By subject

Every figure published for West Dunbartonshire. Open a subject to see them, each with its history and its source. Where a producer splits the area into many categories, those sit behind a further disclosure.

Labour market 23
4.3%
2.85.88.82020-03-31: 5.72020-06-30: 4.92020-09-30: 4.92020-12-31: 4.52021-03-31: 4.92021-06-30: 4.82021-09-30: 5.42021-12-31: 5.82022-03-31: 52022-06-30: 5.62022-09-30: 6.52022-12-31: 5.92023-03-31: 5.22023-06-30: 4.92023-09-30: 3.42023-12-31: 4.62024-03-31: 6.12024-06-30: 7.22024-09-30: 8.22024-12-31: 7.32025-03-31: 7.52025-06-30: 6.12025-09-30: 6.52025-12-31: 4.82026-03-31: 4.3 2020-03 2026-03
25 monthly readings · 3.4 to 8.2 · axis starts at 2.8

ONS, Annual Population Survey - headline labour market rates, published 21 July 2026
±2.1, basis not documented by the producer

Employment rate - aged 16-64
Apr 2025-Mar 2026
70.3%
69.272.876.52020-03-31: 72.52020-06-30: 72.12020-09-30: 71.72020-12-31: 72.82021-03-31: 69.92021-06-30: 69.92021-09-30: 69.92021-12-31: 70.42022-03-31: 73.92022-06-30: 75.32022-09-30: 75.22022-12-31: 75.82023-03-31: 752023-06-30: 732023-09-30: 73.42023-12-31: 71.92024-03-31: 70.22024-06-30: 71.82024-09-30: 72.12024-12-31: 72.92025-03-31: 71.62025-06-30: 70.92025-09-30: 70.62025-12-31: 70.62026-03-31: 70.3 2020-03 2026-03
25 monthly readings · 69.9 to 75.8 · axis starts at 69.2

ONS, Annual Population Survey - headline labour market rates, published 21 July 2026
±4.7, basis not documented by the producer

Unemployment rate - aged 16-64
Apr 2025-Mar 2026
6.6%
1.54.47.32020-03-31: 3.82020-06-30: 4.32020-09-30: 4.22020-12-31: 5.32021-03-31: 6.72021-06-30: 6.62021-09-30: 5.62021-12-31: 4.42022-03-31: 2.62022-06-30: 2.12022-09-30: 2.42022-12-31: 2.92023-03-31: 3.62023-06-30: 3.42023-09-30: 3.22023-12-31: 32024-03-31: 2.92024-06-30: 32024-09-30: 4.72024-12-31: 4.22025-03-31: 4.52025-06-30: 6.42025-09-30: 5.92025-12-31: 5.12026-03-31: 6.6 2020-03 2026-03
25 monthly readings · 2.1 to 6.7 · axis starts at 1.5

ONS, Annual Population Survey - headline labour market rates, published 21 July 2026
±2.9, basis not documented by the producer

12k16k21k2004-12-31: 19k2005-12-31: 19k2006-12-31: 19k2007-12-31: 20k2008-12-31: 17k2009-12-31: 18k2010-12-31: 18k2011-12-31: 18k2012-12-31: 19k2013-12-31: 17k2014-12-31: 18k2015-12-31: 17k2016-12-31: 14k2017-12-31: 15k2018-12-31: 16k2019-12-31: 16k2020-12-31: 16k2021-12-31: 15k2022-12-31: 13k2023-12-31: 19k2024-12-31: 17k2025-12-31: 16k 2004-12 2025-12
22 annual readings · 13k to 20k · axis starts at 12k

ONS, Households by combined economic activity status

27k30k33k2004-12-31: 32k2005-12-31: 32k2006-12-31: 31k2007-12-31: 31k2008-12-31: 32k2009-12-31: 31k2010-12-31: 31k2011-12-31: 31k2012-12-31: 30k2013-12-31: 30k2014-12-31: 30k2015-12-31: 30k2016-12-31: 30k2017-12-31: 30k2018-12-31: 30k2019-12-31: 32k2020-12-31: 29k2021-12-31: 28k2022-12-31: 28k2023-12-31: 27k2024-12-31: 30k2025-12-31: 29k 2004-12 2025-12
22 annual readings · 27k to 32k · axis starts at 27k

ONS, Households by combined economic activity status

4885506122010-12-31: 5002017-12-31: 6002024-12-31: 500 2010-12 2024-12
3 annual readings · 500 to 600 · axis starts at 488

ONS, Households by combined economic activity status
Not published: Figure is unavailable as the group sample size is disclosive (0-2) or the estimate is less than 500
19 earlier periods withheld by the producer and absent from the chart.

4561,2001,9442004-12-31: 8002005-12-31: 9002006-12-31: 6002007-12-31: 6002008-12-31: 1,3002009-12-31: 1,1002010-12-31: 1,7002011-12-31: 1,5002012-12-31: 1,8002013-12-31: 1,1002014-12-31: 9002015-12-31: 6002016-12-31: 6002017-12-31: 9002018-12-31: 6002019-12-31: 9002020-12-31: 7002021-12-31: 6002022-12-31: 6002024-12-31: 700 2004-12 2024-12
20 annual readings · 600 to 1,800 · axis starts at 456

ONS, Households by combined economic activity status
Not published: Figure is unavailable as the group sample size is disclosive (0-2) or the estimate is less than 500
2 earlier periods withheld by the producer and absent from the chart.

6,6089,15012k2004-12-31: 10k2005-12-31: 9,7002006-12-31: 10k2007-12-31: 11k2008-12-31: 9,6002009-12-31: 8,2002010-12-31: 8,5002011-12-31: 9,7002012-12-31: 8,6002013-12-31: 8,4002014-12-31: 8,9002015-12-31: 9,7002016-12-31: 8,0002017-12-31: 8,2002018-12-31: 9,2002019-12-31: 9,0002020-12-31: 8,8002021-12-31: 7,6002022-12-31: 7,1002023-12-31: 7,9002024-12-31: 10k2025-12-31: 11k 2004-12 2025-12
22 annual readings · 7,100 to 11k · axis starts at 6,608

ONS, Households by combined economic activity status

13k16k19k2004-12-31: 16k2005-12-31: 17k2006-12-31: 17k2007-12-31: 17k2008-12-31: 17k2009-12-31: 16k2010-12-31: 16k2011-12-31: 15k2012-12-31: 15k2013-12-31: 13k2014-12-31: 14k2015-12-31: 15k2016-12-31: 16k2017-12-31: 15k2018-12-31: 16k2019-12-31: 18k2020-12-31: 16k2021-12-31: 16k2022-12-31: 17k2023-12-31: 15k2024-12-31: 17k2025-12-31: 16k 2004-12 2025-12
22 annual readings · 13k to 18k · axis starts at 13k

ONS, Households by combined economic activity status

1,1124,1507,1882004-12-31: 3,7002005-12-31: 3,9002006-12-31: 2,9002007-12-31: 4,0002008-12-31: 3,4002009-12-31: 3,9002010-12-31: 3,7002011-12-31: 2,2002012-12-31: 4,3002013-12-31: 2,9002014-12-31: 2,3002015-12-31: 2,4002016-12-31: 1,8002017-12-31: 2,2002018-12-31: 2,6002019-12-31: 2,0002020-12-31: 2,1002021-12-31: 2,6002022-12-31: 2,1002023-12-31: 6,6002024-12-31: 1,7002025-12-31: 1,800 2004-12 2025-12
22 annual readings · 1,700 to 6,600 · axis starts at 1,112

ONS, Households by combined economic activity status

4,4566,7509,0442004-12-31: 7,3002005-12-31: 7,6002006-12-31: 6,5002007-12-31: 6,2002008-12-31: 7,3002009-12-31: 7,4002010-12-31: 8,0002011-12-31: 8,1002012-12-31: 8,1002013-12-31: 8,6002014-12-31: 7,7002015-12-31: 7,5002016-12-31: 6,7002017-12-31: 6,8002018-12-31: 7,3002019-12-31: 7,3002020-12-31: 5,6002021-12-31: 5,3002022-12-31: 4,9002023-12-31: 6,5002024-12-31: 7,1002025-12-31: 7,000 2004-12 2025-12
22 annual readings · 4,900 to 8,600 · axis starts at 4,456

ONS, Households by combined economic activity status

21.324.828.32020-03-31: 24.72020-06-30: 24.72020-09-30: 25.12020-12-31: 23.22021-03-31: 25.12021-06-30: 25.12021-09-30: 262021-12-31: 26.42022-03-31: 24.22022-06-30: 23.12022-09-30: 232022-12-31: 222023-03-31: 22.22023-06-30: 24.42023-09-30: 24.22023-12-31: 25.92024-03-31: 27.62024-06-30: 25.92024-09-30: 24.42024-12-31: 242025-03-31: 25.12025-06-30: 24.32025-09-30: 24.92025-12-31: 25.52026-03-31: 24.8 2020-03 2026-03
25 monthly readings · 22 to 27.6 · axis starts at 21.3

ONS, Annual Population Survey - variables (percentages), published 21 July 2026
±4.4, basis not documented by the producer

Claimant count
August 2026
2,200
1,6173,4155,2132020-01-31: 2,8302020-02-29: 2,9302020-03-31: 2,8852020-04-30: 4,4502020-05-31: 4,7702020-06-30: 4,7752020-07-31: 4,8652020-08-31: 4,8452020-09-30: 4,6602020-10-31: 4,5302020-11-30: 4,5602020-12-31: 4,5352021-01-31: 4,5252021-02-28: 4,6052021-03-31: 4,5152021-04-30: 4,4152021-05-31: 4,1802021-06-30: 3,8952021-07-31: 3,7802021-08-31: 3,6552021-09-30: 3,4002021-10-31: 3,2302021-11-30: 3,2102021-12-31: 3,1452022-01-31: 3,1352022-02-28: 3,1302022-03-31: 2,9702022-04-30: 2,7802022-05-31: 2,6502022-06-30: 2,5302022-07-31: 2,5052022-08-31: 2,4802022-09-30: 2,4302022-10-31: 2,3452022-11-30: 2,4152022-12-31: 2,5252023-01-31: 2,4602023-02-28: 2,5352023-03-31: 2,5952023-04-30: 2,6152023-05-31: 2,4602023-06-30: 2,4552023-07-31: 2,5652023-08-31: 2,4702023-09-30: 2,3652023-10-31: 2,3402023-11-30: 2,3452023-12-31: 2,3852024-01-31: 2,3652024-02-29: 2,4102024-03-31: 2,3502024-04-30: 2,2552024-05-31: 2,2252024-06-30: 2,2102024-07-31: 2,4052024-08-31: 2,3952024-09-30: 2,3102024-10-31: 2,2302024-11-30: 2,1602024-12-31: 2,1252025-01-31: 2,1652025-02-28: 2,2352025-03-31: 2,1852025-04-30: 2,1302025-05-31: 2,0752025-06-30: 2,1102025-07-31: 2,0652025-08-31: 2,0552025-09-30: 2,0152025-10-31: 1,9652025-11-30: 2,0202025-12-31: 2,0002026-01-31: 2,0502026-02-28: 2,1302026-03-31: 2,1452026-04-30: 2,1302026-05-31: 2,0802026-06-30: 2,0602026-07-31: 2,0552026-08-31: 2,200 2020-01 2026-08
80 monthly readings · 1,965 to 4,865 · axis starts at 1,617

ONS / DWP, Claimant count by sex and age, published 15 September 2026

2.96.09.22020-01-31: 52020-02-29: 5.22020-03-31: 5.12020-04-30: 7.92020-05-31: 8.52020-06-30: 8.52020-07-31: 8.62020-08-31: 8.62020-09-30: 8.32020-10-31: 82020-11-30: 8.12020-12-31: 82021-01-31: 8.12021-02-28: 8.22021-03-31: 8.12021-04-30: 7.92021-05-31: 7.52021-06-30: 72021-07-31: 6.82021-08-31: 6.52021-09-30: 6.12021-10-31: 5.82021-11-30: 5.72021-12-31: 5.62022-01-31: 5.62022-02-28: 5.62022-03-31: 5.42022-04-30: 52022-05-31: 4.82022-06-30: 4.62022-07-31: 4.52022-08-31: 4.52022-09-30: 4.42022-10-31: 4.22022-11-30: 4.32022-12-31: 4.62023-01-31: 4.42023-02-28: 4.52023-03-31: 4.72023-04-30: 4.72023-05-31: 4.42023-06-30: 4.42023-07-31: 4.62023-08-31: 4.42023-09-30: 4.22023-10-31: 4.22023-11-30: 4.22023-12-31: 4.32024-01-31: 4.22024-02-29: 4.32024-03-31: 4.22024-04-30: 42024-05-31: 42024-06-30: 42024-07-31: 4.32024-08-31: 4.32024-09-30: 4.12024-10-31: 42024-11-30: 3.92024-12-31: 3.82025-01-31: 3.92025-02-28: 42025-03-31: 3.92025-04-30: 3.82025-05-31: 3.72025-06-30: 3.82025-07-31: 3.72025-08-31: 3.72025-09-30: 3.62025-10-31: 3.52025-11-30: 3.62025-12-31: 3.62026-01-31: 3.72026-02-28: 3.82026-03-31: 3.92026-04-30: 3.82026-05-31: 3.72026-06-30: 3.72026-07-31: 3.72026-08-31: 3.9 2020-01 2026-08
80 monthly readings · 3.5 to 8.6 · axis starts at 2.9

ONS / DWP, Claimant count by sex and age, published 15 September 2026

0.6
0.50.60.72011-12-31: 0.62012-12-31: 0.62013-12-31: 0.62014-12-31: 0.62015-12-31: 0.62016-12-31: 0.62017-12-31: 0.62018-12-31: 0.62019-12-31: 0.62020-12-31: 0.62021-12-31: 0.72022-12-31: 0.72023-12-31: 0.72024-12-31: 0.6 2011-12 2024-12
14 annual readings · 0.6 to 0.7 · axis starts at 0.5

ONS, Jobs density, published 21 April 2026
11 earlier periods withheld by the producer and absent from the chart.

Total jobs
2024
35,000
31k35k39k2011-12-31: 35k2012-12-31: 32k2013-12-31: 33k2014-12-31: 36k2015-12-31: 34k2016-12-31: 34k2017-12-31: 35k2018-12-31: 35k2019-12-31: 36k2020-12-31: 34k2021-12-31: 38k2022-12-31: 37k2023-12-31: 36k2024-12-31: 35k 2011-12 2024-12
14 annual readings · 32k to 38k · axis starts at 31k

ONS, Jobs density, published 21 April 2026
11 earlier periods withheld by the producer and absent from the chart.

2,200
1,4041,9002,3962020-03-31: 1,9002020-06-30: 1,9002020-09-30: 1,9002020-12-31: 2,2002021-03-31: 2,3002021-06-30: 2,2002021-09-30: 2,0002021-12-31: 1,8002022-03-31: 1,6002022-06-30: 1,6002022-09-30: 1,6002022-12-31: 1,8002023-03-31: 1,8002023-06-30: 1,6002023-09-30: 1,6002023-12-31: 1,5002024-03-31: 1,5002024-06-30: 1,6002024-09-30: 1,6002024-12-31: 1,7002025-03-31: 1,8002025-06-30: 2,2002025-09-30: 2,1002025-12-31: 2,0002026-03-31: 2,200 2020-03 2026-03
25 monthly readings · 1,500 to 2,300 · axis starts at 1,404

ONS, Model-based estimates of unemployment, published 21 July 2026
±700.0, basis not documented by the producer

5.0%
3.24.35.42020-03-31: 4.22020-06-30: 4.42020-09-30: 4.42020-12-31: 52021-03-31: 5.22021-06-30: 5.12021-09-30: 4.72021-12-31: 4.32022-03-31: 3.62022-06-30: 3.42022-09-30: 3.42022-12-31: 3.92023-03-31: 42023-06-30: 3.82023-09-30: 3.72023-12-31: 3.42024-03-31: 3.52024-06-30: 3.62024-09-30: 3.72024-12-31: 3.92025-03-31: 4.12025-06-30: 52025-09-30: 4.92025-12-31: 4.62026-03-31: 5 2020-03 2026-03
25 monthly readings · 3.4 to 5.2 · axis starts at 3.2

ONS, Model-based estimates of unemployment, published 21 July 2026
±1.6, basis not documented by the producer

% of economically inactive 5

ONS, Annual Population Survey - variables (percentages), published 21 July 2026
Not published: Estimate and confidence interval not available since the group sample size is zero or disclosive (0-2)
24 earlier periods withheld by the producer and absent from the chart.

30.244.158.12020-03-31: 39.62020-06-30: 40.42020-09-30: 38.92020-12-31: 36.72021-03-31: 35.22021-06-30: 39.62021-09-30: 38.62021-12-31: 38.12022-03-31: 39.32022-06-30: 42.92022-09-30: 41.62022-12-31: 43.82023-03-31: 40.32023-06-30: 32.92023-09-30: 34.92023-12-31: 33.42024-03-31: 37.22024-06-30: 42.82024-09-30: 48.92024-12-31: 52.32025-03-31: 542025-06-30: 55.42025-09-30: 54.72025-12-31: 53.32026-03-31: 52.4 2020-03 2026-03
25 monthly readings · 32.9 to 55.4 · axis starts at 30.2

ONS, Annual Population Survey - variables (percentages), published 21 July 2026
±10.2, basis not documented by the producer

6.31319.72020-03-31: 15.32020-06-30: 18.42020-09-30: 16.92020-12-31: 16.62021-03-31: 17.62021-06-30: 11.82021-09-30: 13.32021-12-31: 11.22022-03-31: 13.92022-06-30: 12.32022-09-30: 12.12022-12-31: 11.42023-03-31: 13.22023-06-30: 11.22023-09-30: 16.52023-12-31: 16.62024-03-31: 12.52024-06-30: 15.42024-09-30: 7.82024-12-31: 7.62025-03-31: 10.22025-06-30: 102025-09-30: 10.62025-12-31: 11.32026-03-31: 13.5 2020-03 2026-03
25 monthly readings · 7.6 to 18.4 · axis starts at 6.3

ONS, Annual Population Survey - variables (percentages), published 21 July 2026
±6.9, basis not documented by the producer

5.7%
4.110.817.42020-03-31: 14.92020-06-30: 12.22020-09-30: 11.72020-12-31: 13.12021-03-31: 12.52021-06-30: 16.12021-09-30: 15.42021-12-31: 13.82022-03-31: 13.22022-06-30: 11.72022-09-30: 10.62022-12-31: 8.82023-03-31: 9.32023-06-30: 8.92023-09-30: 7.22023-12-31: 8.62024-03-31: 8.32024-06-30: 9.32024-09-30: 10.92024-12-31: 11.32025-03-31: 9.62025-06-30: 6.52025-09-30: 5.42025-12-31: 62026-03-31: 5.7 2020-03 2026-03
25 monthly readings · 5.4 to 16.1 · axis starts at 4.1

ONS, Annual Population Survey - variables (percentages), published 21 July 2026

17.0%
9.419.629.82020-03-31: 19.92020-06-30: 18.12020-09-30: 19.92020-12-31: 19.42021-03-31: 16.12021-06-30: 20.42021-09-30: 17.82021-12-31: 18.92022-03-31: 19.22022-06-30: 18.42022-09-30: 24.12022-12-31: 24.72023-03-31: 24.62023-06-30: 24.82023-09-30: 23.92023-12-31: 27.72024-03-31: 27.82024-06-30: 23.52024-09-30: 18.82024-12-31: 12.82025-03-31: 11.42025-06-30: 16.12025-09-30: 14.72025-12-31: 18.32026-03-31: 17 2020-03 2026-03
25 monthly readings · 11.4 to 27.8 · axis starts at 9.4

ONS, Annual Population Survey - variables (percentages), published 21 July 2026
±7.6, basis not documented by the producer

Pay 3
4.416.628.810th10th · 2008-04-30: £6.7810th · 2009-04-30: £7.0910th · 2010-04-30: £6.9210th · 2011-04-30: £7.0110th · 2012-04-30: £7.5110th · 2013-04-30: £7.4110th · 2014-04-30: £7.7110th · 2015-04-30: £7.1310th · 2016-04-30: £7.9010th · 2017-04-30: £8.6810th · 2018-04-30: £8.4110th · 2019-04-30: £8.7510th · 2020-04-30: £9.1810th · 2021-04-30: £9.9410th · 2022-04-30: £11.0810th · 2023-04-30: £11.4910th · 2024-04-30: £12.1310th · 2025-04-30: £13.3825th25th · 2008-04-30: £7.9125th · 2009-04-30: £8.8125th · 2010-04-30: £8.6225th · 2011-04-30: £8.4325th · 2012-04-30: £9.0625th · 2013-04-30: £9.4625th · 2014-04-30: £9.6025th · 2015-04-30: £8.8125th · 2016-04-30: £10.0825th · 2017-04-30: £10.3125th · 2018-04-30: £10.1025th · 2019-04-30: £10.2025th · 2020-04-30: £11.6825th · 2021-04-30: £12.6425th · 2022-04-30: £12.5225th · 2023-04-30: £14.3725th · 2024-04-30: £14.1925th · 2025-04-30: £14.95MedianMedian · 2008-04-30: £10.60Median · 2009-04-30: £11.30Median · 2010-04-30: £11.64Median · 2011-04-30: £11.42Median · 2012-04-30: £12.39Median · 2013-04-30: £12.96Median · 2014-04-30: £12.58Median · 2015-04-30: £12.63Median · 2016-04-30: £13.23Median · 2017-04-30: £13.02Median · 2018-04-30: £13.12Median · 2019-04-30: £13.64Median · 2020-04-30: £14.69Median · 2021-04-30: £16.27Median · 2022-04-30: £15.61Median · 2023-04-30: £17.97Median · 2024-04-30: £18.92Median · 2025-04-30: £19.9275th75th · 2008-04-30: £16.8075th · 2009-04-30: £16.6675th · 2010-04-30: £16.5375th · 2011-04-30: £16.2775th · 2012-04-30: £17.4475th · 2013-04-30: £18.5675th · 2014-04-30: £17.7575th · 2015-04-30: £17.2275th · 2016-04-30: £17.8275th · 2017-04-30: £18.2175th · 2018-04-30: £18.4475th · 2019-04-30: £18.9275th · 2020-04-30: £19.7475th · 2021-04-30: £22.6075th · 2022-04-30: £22.3575th · 2023-04-30: £25.4075th · 2024-04-30: £24.5675th · 2025-04-30: £26.41 2008-04 2025-04
18 periods · 10th, 25th, Median, 75th · axis starts at 4.4
10th25thMedian75th90th
£13.38£14.95£19.92£26.41

ONS, Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings - resident analysis, published 3 November 2025
coefficient of variation 2.7%

4.416.027.510th10th · 2008-04-30: £6.6110th · 2009-04-30: £6.7610th · 2010-04-30: £6.7210th · 2011-04-30: £6.7910th · 2012-04-30: £7.8210th · 2013-04-30: £7.8410th · 2014-04-30: £7.5610th · 2015-04-30: £7.1710th · 2016-04-30: £8.4710th · 2017-04-30: £9.0110th · 2018-04-30: £8.6110th · 2019-04-30: £8.8610th · 2020-04-30: £9.9110th · 2021-04-30: £9.5710th · 2022-04-30: £11.0010th · 2023-04-30: £11.5310th · 2024-04-30: £12.4610th · 2025-04-30: £12.8725th25th · 2008-04-30: £7.8525th · 2009-04-30: £9.0625th · 2010-04-30: £9.1825th · 2011-04-30: £8.2525th · 2012-04-30: £9.2225th · 2013-04-30: £10.3925th · 2014-04-30: £10.1225th · 2015-04-30: £8.6625th · 2016-04-30: £10.4925th · 2017-04-30: £11.2425th · 2018-04-30: £11.4925th · 2019-04-30: £12.0425th · 2020-04-30: £12.4825th · 2021-04-30: £11.9225th · 2022-04-30: £13.4925th · 2023-04-30: £13.8725th · 2024-04-30: £14.7825th · 2025-04-30: £15.35MedianMedian · 2008-04-30: £10.59Median · 2009-04-30: £11.41Median · 2010-04-30: £12.07Median · 2011-04-30: £12.01Median · 2012-04-30: £12.75Median · 2013-04-30: £13.52Median · 2014-04-30: £12.65Median · 2015-04-30: £12.73Median · 2016-04-30: £13.67Median · 2017-04-30: £14.00Median · 2018-04-30: £14.26Median · 2019-04-30: £15.45Median · 2020-04-30: £15.78Median · 2021-04-30: £15.59Median · 2022-04-30: £16.02Median · 2023-04-30: £17.36Median · 2024-04-30: £18.79Median · 2025-04-30: £19.4775th75th · 2008-04-30: £15.2675th · 2009-04-30: £16.8375th · 2010-04-30: £17.1975th · 2011-04-30: £16.6375th · 2012-04-30: £17.5075th · 2013-04-30: £17.7975th · 2014-04-30: £17.8675th · 2015-04-30: £17.6075th · 2016-04-30: £18.1475th · 2017-04-30: £18.0275th · 2018-04-30: £18.6275th · 2019-04-30: £20.4175th · 2020-04-30: £20.0475th · 2021-04-30: £21.8675th · 2022-04-30: £20.9075th · 2023-04-30: £24.4375th · 2024-04-30: £24.5475th · 2025-04-30: £25.30 2008-04 2025-04
18 periods · 10th, 25th, Median, 75th · axis starts at 4.4
10th25thMedian75th90th
£12.87£15.35£19.47£25.30

ONS, Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings - workplace analysis, published 3 November 2025
coefficient of variation 3.3%

5,43114k22k1997-12-31: 7,0501998-12-31: 7,3091999-12-31: 8,4282000-12-31: 8,8772001-12-31: 9,3482002-12-31: 9,6642003-12-31: 9,9492004-12-31: 10k2005-12-31: 11k2006-12-31: 11k2007-12-31: 12k2008-12-31: 12k2009-12-31: 13k2010-12-31: 13k2011-12-31: 13k2012-12-31: 14k2013-12-31: 14k2014-12-31: 14k2015-12-31: 14k2016-12-31: 15k2017-12-31: 15k2018-12-31: 16k2019-12-31: 17k2020-12-31: 17k2021-12-31: 17k2022-12-31: 17k2023-12-31: 19k2024-12-31: 21k 1997-12 2024-12
28 annual readings · 7,050 to 21k · axis starts at 5,431

ONS, Gross disposable household income per head

Business 14
Business births
Q2 2026
70
35.857.579.22020-03-31: 752020-06-30: 552020-09-30: 502020-12-31: 652021-03-31: 752021-06-30: 402021-09-30: 602021-12-31: 602022-03-31: 702022-06-30: 602022-09-30: 602022-12-31: 502023-03-31: 602023-06-30: 452023-09-30: 602023-12-31: 652024-03-31: 652024-06-30: 602024-09-30: 652024-12-31: 452025-03-31: 552025-06-30: 552025-09-30: 552025-12-31: 502026-03-31: 552026-06-30: 70 2020-03 2026-06
26 quarterly readings · 40 to 75 · axis starts at 35.8

ONS, Business demography quarterly, published 29 July 2026 (approximate)

Business deaths
Q2 2026
60
3465962020-03-31: 702020-06-30: 452020-09-30: 652020-12-31: 502021-03-31: 552021-06-30: 802021-09-30: 902021-12-31: 752022-03-31: 702022-06-30: 652022-09-30: 502022-12-31: 552023-03-31: 702023-06-30: 752023-09-30: 502023-12-31: 502024-03-31: 752024-06-30: 452024-09-30: 502024-12-31: 602025-03-31: 402025-06-30: 552025-09-30: 502025-12-31: 552026-03-31: 702026-06-30: 60 2020-03 2026-06
26 quarterly readings · 40 to 90 · axis starts at 34

ONS, Business demography quarterly, published 29 July 2026 (approximate)

Businesses
2025
1,790
1,3481,6701,9922010-03-31: 1,4102011-03-31: 1,4102012-03-31: 1,4952013-03-31: 1,5002014-03-31: 1,5502015-03-31: 1,6952016-03-31: 1,7752017-03-31: 1,8302018-03-31: 1,7952019-03-31: 1,7902020-03-31: 1,9252021-03-31: 1,9302022-03-31: 1,7852023-03-31: 1,7752024-03-31: 1,7702025-03-31: 1,790 2010-03 2025-03
16 annual readings · 1,410 to 1,930 · axis starts at 1,348

ONS, UK Business Counts - enterprises, published 14 October 2025

8891,1781,4662010-03-31: 9452011-03-31: 9652012-03-31: 1,0552013-03-31: 1,0502014-03-31: 1,0602015-03-31: 1,1852016-03-31: 1,2602017-03-31: 1,3102018-03-31: 1,2952019-03-31: 1,2852020-03-31: 1,4102021-03-31: 1,3952022-03-31: 1,2902023-03-31: 1,2602024-03-31: 1,2602025-03-31: 1,285 2010-03 2025-03
16 annual readings · 945 to 1,410 · axis starts at 889

ONS, UK Business Counts - enterprises by size band, published 14 October 2025

94.61221502010-03-31: 1102011-03-31: 1052012-03-31: 1052013-03-31: 1002014-03-31: 1252015-03-31: 1352016-03-31: 1352017-03-31: 1402018-03-31: 1302019-03-31: 1152020-03-31: 1302021-03-31: 1352022-03-31: 1452023-03-31: 1352024-03-31: 1452025-03-31: 145 2010-03 2025-03
16 annual readings · 100 to 145 · axis starts at 94.6

ONS, UK Business Counts - enterprises by size band, published 14 October 2025

8.81521.22010-03-31: 102011-03-31: 152012-03-31: 102013-03-31: 102014-03-31: 152015-03-31: 152016-03-31: 152017-03-31: 202018-03-31: 152019-03-31: 152020-03-31: 152021-03-31: 152022-03-31: 102023-03-31: 152024-03-31: 102025-03-31: 10 2010-03 2025-03
16 annual readings · 10 to 20 · axis starts at 8.8

ONS, UK Business Counts - enterprises by size band, published 14 October 2025

02.85.62010-03-31: 02011-03-31: 02012-03-31: 02013-03-31: 02014-03-31: 02015-03-31: 02016-03-31: 02017-03-31: 02018-03-31: 02019-03-31: 02020-03-31: 02021-03-31: 02022-03-31: 02023-03-31: 02024-03-31: 02025-03-31: 5 2010-03 2025-03
16 annual readings · 0 to 5

ONS, UK Business Counts - enterprises by size band, published 14 October 2025

57.67082.42010-03-31: 602011-03-31: 602012-03-31: 602013-03-31: 702014-03-31: 702015-03-31: 652016-03-31: 752017-03-31: 802018-03-31: 752019-03-31: 752020-03-31: 702021-03-31: 702022-03-31: 702023-03-31: 752024-03-31: 602025-03-31: 65 2010-03 2025-03
16 annual readings · 60 to 80 · axis starts at 57.6

ONS, UK Business Counts - enterprises by size band, published 14 October 2025

02.85.62010-03-31: 52011-03-31: 02012-03-31: 52013-03-31: 52014-03-31: 52015-03-31: 02016-03-31: 02017-03-31: 02018-03-31: 02019-03-31: 02020-03-31: 02021-03-31: 02022-03-31: 52023-03-31: 52024-03-31: 02025-03-31: 5 2010-03 2025-03
16 annual readings · 0 to 5

ONS, UK Business Counts - enterprises by size band, published 14 October 2025

2282653022010-03-31: 2552011-03-31: 2402012-03-31: 2352013-03-31: 2402014-03-31: 2602015-03-31: 2702016-03-31: 2702017-03-31: 2652018-03-31: 2602019-03-31: 2752020-03-31: 2802021-03-31: 2952022-03-31: 2502023-03-31: 2752024-03-31: 2702025-03-31: 265 2010-03 2025-03
16 annual readings · 235 to 295 · axis starts at 228

ONS, UK Business Counts - enterprises by size band, published 14 October 2025

8.217.526.82010-03-31: 252011-03-31: 252012-03-31: 252013-03-31: 202014-03-31: 202015-03-31: 202016-03-31: 102017-03-31: 102018-03-31: 102019-03-31: 152020-03-31: 152021-03-31: 152022-03-31: 102023-03-31: 102024-03-31: 152025-03-31: 15 2010-03 2025-03
16 annual readings · 10 to 25 · axis starts at 8.2

ONS, UK Business Counts - enterprises by size band, published 14 October 2025

02.85.62010-03-31: 02011-03-31: 52012-03-31: 02013-03-31: 02014-03-31: 02015-03-31: 02016-03-31: 02017-03-31: 02018-03-31: 52019-03-31: 52020-03-31: 52021-03-31: 52022-03-31: 52023-03-31: 52024-03-31: 52025-03-31: 0 2010-03 2025-03
16 annual readings · 0 to 5

ONS, UK Business Counts - enterprises by size band, published 14 October 2025

2,385
2,0042,3202,6362010-03-31: 2,0752011-03-31: 2,0652012-03-31: 2,1352013-03-31: 2,1152014-03-31: 2,1802015-03-31: 2,3202016-03-31: 2,4202017-03-31: 2,4852018-03-31: 2,4502019-03-31: 2,4552020-03-31: 2,5752021-03-31: 2,5702022-03-31: 2,4052023-03-31: 2,3902024-03-31: 2,3702025-03-31: 2,385 2010-03 2025-03
16 annual readings · 2,065 to 2,575 · axis starts at 2,004

ONS, UK Business Counts - local units, published 14 October 2025

2,521
6431,6822,7221998-12-31: 8441999-12-31: 8612000-12-31: 9062001-12-31: 9802002-12-31: 1,0162003-12-31: 1,0662004-12-31: 1,1572005-12-31: 1,2412006-12-31: 1,3202007-12-31: 1,3332008-12-31: 1,4132009-12-31: 1,3832010-12-31: 1,3862011-12-31: 1,4292012-12-31: 1,3932013-12-31: 1,4022014-12-31: 1,5052015-12-31: 1,5362016-12-31: 1,6732017-12-31: 1,7502018-12-31: 1,8492019-12-31: 1,9312020-12-31: 1,7812021-12-31: 1,9442022-12-31: 2,1282023-12-31: 2,521 1998-12 2023-12
26 annual readings · 844 to 2,521 · axis starts at 643

ONS, Gross value added, published 16 October 2025

Broken down further 88

One breakdown with many categories. These are never ranked against other areas: a comparison that pools thousands of rows into one peer set produces rankings that mean nothing.

MeasureLatestPeriod
01 : Crop and animal production, hunting and related service activities 75 2024
02 : Forestry and logging 10 2024
03 : Fishing and aquaculture 10 2024
05 : Mining of coal and lignite 0 2024
06 : Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas 0 2024
07 : Mining of metal ores 0 2024
08 : Other mining and quarrying 10 2024
09 : Mining support service activities 0 2024
10 : Manufacture of food products 35 2024
11 : Manufacture of beverages 1,250 2024
12 : Manufacture of tobacco products 0 2024
13 : Manufacture of textiles 10 2024
14 : Manufacture of wearing apparel 20 2024
15 : Manufacture of leather and related products 0 2024
16 : Manufacture of wood and of products of wood and cork, except furniture;manufacture of articles of straw and plaiting materials 15 2024
17 : Manufacture of paper and paper products 100 2024
18 : Printing and reproduction of recorded media 100 2024
19 : Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products 0 2024
20 : Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products 0 2024
21 : Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations 0 2024
22 : Manufacture of rubber and plastic products 30 2024
23 : Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products 50 2024
24 : Manufacture of basic metals 0 2024
25 : Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment 225 2024
26 : Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products 75 2024
27 : Manufacture of electrical equipment 700 2024
28 : Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c. 125 2024
29 : Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 50 2024
30 : Manufacture of other transport equipment 20 2024
31 : Manufacture of furniture 15 2024
32 : Other manufacturing 25 2024
33 : Repair and installation of machinery and equipment 75 2024
35 : Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 0 2024
36 : Water collection, treatment and supply 40 2024
37 : Sewerage 40 2024
38 : Waste collection, treatment and disposal activities; materials recovery 35 2024
39 : Remediation activities and other waste management services. This division includes the provision of remediation services, i.e. the cleanup of contaminated buildings and sites, soil, surface or ground water. 0 2024
41 : Construction of buildings 175 2024
42 : Civil engineering 125 2024
43 : Specialised construction activities 900 2024
45 : Wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 450 2024
46 : Wholesale trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles 600 2024
47 : Retail trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles 3,000 2024
49 : Land transport and transport via pipelines 450 2024
50 : Water transport 100 2024
51 : Air transport 0 2024
52 : Warehousing and support activities for transportation 250 2024
53 : Postal and courier activities 125 2024
55 : Accommodation 900 2024
56 : Food and beverage service activities 1,750 2024
58 : Publishing activities 5 2024
59 : Motion picture, video and television programme production, sound recording and music publishing activities 75 2024
60 : Programming and broadcasting activities 100 2024
61 : Telecommunications 75 2024
62 : Computer programming, consultancy and related activities 75 2024
63 : Information service activities 15 2024
64 : Financial service activities, except insurance and pension funding 125 2024
65 : Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security 0 2024
66 : Activities auxiliary to financial services and insurance activities 40 2024
68 : Real estate activities 300 2024
69 : Legal and accounting activities 225 2024
70 : Activities of head offices; management consultancy activities 125 2024
71 : Architectural and engineering activities; technical testing and analysis 450 2024
72 : Scientific research and development 25 2024
73 : Advertising and market research 20 2024
74 : Other professional, scientific and technical activities 100 2024
75 : Veterinary activities 75 2024
77 : Rental and leasing activities 250 2024
78 : Employment activities 175 2024
79 : Travel agency, tour operator and other reservation service and related activities 175 2024
80 : Security and investigation activities 75 2024
81 : Services to buildings and landscape activities 350 2024
82 : Office administrative, office support and other business support activities 800 2024
84 : Public administration and defence; compulsory social security 3,000 2024
85 : Education 3,000 2024
86 : Human health activities 5,000 2024
87 : Residential care activities 1,000 2024
88 : Social work activities without accommodation 1,000 2024
90 : Creative, arts and entertainment activities 15 2024
91 : Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities 300 2024
92 : Gambling and betting activities 125 2024
93 : Sports activities and amusement and recreation activities 500 2024
94 : Activities of membership organisations 125 2024
95 : Repair of computers and personal and household goods 20 2024
96 : Other personal service activities 400 2024
97 : Activities of households as employers of domestic personnel 0 2024
98 : Undifferentiated goods- and services-producing activities of private households for own use 0 2024
99 : Activities of extraterritorial organisations and bodies 0 2024
Housing 2
£128,381
91k112k132k2020-01-31: 95k2020-02-29: 97k2020-03-31: 96k2020-04-30: 95k2020-05-31: 99k2020-06-30: 100k2020-07-31: 101k2020-08-31: 97k2020-09-30: 97k2020-10-31: 100k2020-11-30: 102k2020-12-31: 103k2021-01-31: 103k2021-02-28: 102k2021-03-31: 102k2021-04-30: 102k2021-05-31: 105k2021-06-30: 104k2021-07-31: 107k2021-08-31: 108k2021-09-30: 111k2021-10-31: 112k2021-11-30: 111k2021-12-31: 108k2022-01-31: 106k2022-02-28: 107k2022-03-31: 110k2022-04-30: 112k2022-05-31: 113k2022-06-30: 116k2022-07-31: 119k2022-08-31: 119k2022-09-30: 119k2022-10-31: 116k2022-11-30: 117k2022-12-31: 117k2023-01-31: 117k2023-02-28: 115k2023-03-31: 110k2023-04-30: 110k2023-05-31: 110k2023-06-30: 110k2023-07-31: 113k2023-08-31: 114k2023-09-30: 118k2023-10-31: 117k2023-11-30: 120k2023-12-31: 118k2024-01-31: 118k2024-02-29: 117k2024-03-31: 120k2024-04-30: 119k2024-05-31: 121k2024-06-30: 120k2024-07-31: 121k2024-08-31: 121k2024-09-30: 122k2024-10-31: 123k2024-11-30: 122k2024-12-31: 122k2025-01-31: 120k2025-02-28: 118k2025-03-31: 118k2025-04-30: 117k2025-05-31: 119k2025-06-30: 121k2025-07-31: 122k2025-08-31: 123k2025-09-30: 120k2025-10-31: 121k2025-11-30: 123k2025-12-31: 127k2026-01-31: 128k2026-02-28: 128k2026-03-31: 128k2026-04-30: 128k2026-05-31: 126k2026-06-30: 128k 2020-01 2026-06
78 monthly readings · 95k to 128k · axis starts at 91k

HM Land Registry / ONS, UK House Price Index, published 19 August 2026 (approximate)

Homes sold
Jun 2026
24.91232222020-01-31: 1042020-02-29: 872020-03-31: 962020-04-30: 442020-05-31: 452020-06-30: 592020-07-31: 712020-08-31: 992020-09-30: 1692020-10-31: 2032020-11-30: 1802020-12-31: 1442021-01-31: 1032021-02-28: 982021-03-31: 1292021-04-30: 942021-05-31: 1342021-06-30: 1562021-07-31: 1442021-08-31: 1242021-09-30: 1312021-10-31: 1352021-11-30: 1182021-12-31: 1022022-01-31: 1202022-02-28: 982022-03-31: 972022-04-30: 1052022-05-31: 992022-06-30: 1272022-07-31: 1222022-08-31: 1122022-09-30: 1282022-10-31: 1092022-11-30: 1082022-12-31: 942023-01-31: 932023-02-28: 762023-03-31: 1032023-04-30: 1062023-05-31: 902023-06-30: 1072023-07-31: 1202023-08-31: 1272023-09-30: 1152023-10-31: 1132023-11-30: 1112023-12-31: 1032024-01-31: 872024-02-29: 792024-03-31: 1192024-04-30: 1102024-05-31: 1292024-06-30: 1072024-07-31: 1222024-08-31: 1462024-09-30: 1072024-10-31: 1252024-11-30: 1072024-12-31: 1032025-01-31: 872025-02-28: 1002025-03-31: 942025-04-30: 1022025-05-31: 1172025-06-30: 1572025-07-31: 1002025-08-31: 1222025-09-30: 1082025-10-31: 1742025-11-30: 1672025-12-31: 1432026-01-31: 1092026-02-28: 1022026-03-31: 1302026-04-30: 113 2020-01 2026-04
76 monthly readings · 44 to 203 · axis starts at 24.9

HM Land Registry / ONS, UK House Price Index, published 19 August 2026 (approximate)
Not published: Not yet published
2 earlier periods withheld by the producer and absent from the chart.

Skills 6
% with NVQ1+ - aged 16-64
Jan 2025-Dec 2025
71.977.583.12004-12-31: 732005-12-31: 75.42006-12-31: 75.92007-12-31: 77.52008-12-31: 77.42009-12-31: 77.32010-12-31: 79.42011-12-31: 79.62012-12-31: 77.72013-12-31: 762014-12-31: 772015-12-31: 77.52016-12-31: 81.52017-12-31: 80.42018-12-31: 78.92019-12-31: 78.62020-12-31: 822021-12-31: 78.7 2004-12 2021-12
18 monthly readings · 73 to 82 · axis starts at 71.9

ONS, Annual Population Survey - qualifications (NVQ levels), published 21 April 2026
Not published: Estimate and confidence interval not available since the group sample size is zero or disclosive (0-2)
4 earlier periods withheld by the producer and absent from the chart.

% with NVQ2+ - aged 16-64
Jan 2025-Dec 2025
59.266.874.52004-12-31: 60.72005-12-31: 63.32006-12-31: 62.82007-12-31: 65.92008-12-31: 652009-12-31: 64.82010-12-31: 67.52011-12-31: 67.72012-12-31: 65.22013-12-31: 65.12014-12-31: 65.32015-12-31: 66.42016-12-31: 71.92017-12-31: 712018-12-31: 68.92019-12-31: 68.32020-12-31: 732021-12-31: 68.4 2004-12 2021-12
18 monthly readings · 60.7 to 73 · axis starts at 59.2

ONS, Annual Population Survey - qualifications (NVQ levels), published 21 April 2026
Not published: Estimate and confidence interval not available since the group sample size is zero or disclosive (0-2)
4 earlier periods withheld by the producer and absent from the chart.

% with NVQ3+ - aged 16-64
Jan 2025-Dec 2025
41.650.058.32004-12-31: 43.22005-12-31: 452006-12-31: 45.12007-12-31: 48.62008-12-31: 47.52009-12-31: 48.72010-12-31: 49.52011-12-31: 502012-12-31: 45.32013-12-31: 45.82014-12-31: 49.12015-12-31: 48.32016-12-31: 562017-12-31: 53.22018-12-31: 52.22019-12-31: 51.72020-12-31: 56.72021-12-31: 53.3 2004-12 2021-12
18 monthly readings · 43.2 to 56.7 · axis starts at 41.6

ONS, Annual Population Survey - qualifications (NVQ levels), published 21 April 2026
Not published: Estimate and confidence interval not available since the group sample size is zero or disclosive (0-2)
4 earlier periods withheld by the producer and absent from the chart.

% with NVQ4+ - aged 16-64
Jan 2025-Dec 2025
20.930.740.52004-12-31: 22.82005-12-31: 24.32006-12-31: 25.72007-12-31: 28.12008-12-31: 292009-12-31: 29.42010-12-31: 29.72011-12-31: 29.32012-12-31: 28.52013-12-31: 282014-12-31: 30.92015-12-31: 322016-12-31: 38.42017-12-31: 332018-12-31: 35.22019-12-31: 37.22020-12-31: 38.62021-12-31: 36 2004-12 2021-12
18 monthly readings · 22.8 to 38.6 · axis starts at 20.9

ONS, Annual Population Survey - qualifications (NVQ levels), published 21 April 2026
Not published: Estimate and confidence interval not available since the group sample size is zero or disclosive (0-2)
4 earlier periods withheld by the producer and absent from the chart.

10.416.121.92004-12-31: 20.82005-12-31: 18.22006-12-31: 18.52007-12-31: 15.82008-12-31: 182009-12-31: 17.32010-12-31: 15.72011-12-31: 13.62012-12-31: 14.52013-12-31: 16.12014-12-31: 15.62015-12-31: 14.42016-12-31: 122017-12-31: 11.52018-12-31: 13.92019-12-31: 14.22020-12-31: 142021-12-31: 14.4 2004-12 2021-12
18 monthly readings · 11.5 to 20.8 · axis starts at 10.4

ONS, Annual Population Survey - qualifications (NVQ levels), published 21 April 2026
Not published: Estimate and confidence interval not available since the group sample size is zero or disclosive (0-2)
4 earlier periods withheld by the producer and absent from the chart.

3.56.08.62004-12-31: 6.22005-12-31: 6.42006-12-31: 5.62007-12-31: 6.72008-12-31: 4.72009-12-31: 5.42010-12-31: 4.82011-12-31: 6.82012-12-31: 7.92013-12-31: 7.92014-12-31: 7.42015-12-31: 8.12016-12-31: 6.52017-12-31: 8.12018-12-31: 7.22019-12-31: 7.12020-12-31: 42021-12-31: 7 2004-12 2021-12
18 monthly readings · 4 to 8.1 · axis starts at 3.5

ONS, Annual Population Survey - qualifications (NVQ levels), published 21 April 2026
Not published: Estimate and confidence interval not available since the group sample size is zero or disclosive (0-2)
4 earlier periods withheld by the producer and absent from the chart.

Population 1
Population
2025
88,340
88k91k94k2001-06-30: 93k2002-06-30: 93k2003-06-30: 92k2004-06-30: 92k2005-06-30: 92k2006-06-30: 91k2007-06-30: 91k2008-06-30: 91k2009-06-30: 91k2010-06-30: 91k2011-06-30: 91k2012-06-30: 90k2013-06-30: 90k2014-06-30: 90k2015-06-30: 90k2016-06-30: 90k2017-06-30: 90k2018-06-30: 90k2019-06-30: 90k2020-06-30: 89k2021-06-30: 89k2022-06-30: 88k2023-06-30: 89k2024-06-30: 89k2025-06-30: 88k 2001-06 2025-06
25 annual readings · 88k to 93k · axis starts at 88k

ONS, Mid-year population estimates
20 earlier periods withheld by the producer and absent from the chart.